Adenosine 5 ′- triphosphate (ATP) is the main energy currency in cells and plays a crucial role in maintaining normal physiological functions. Moreover, ATP, as an energy hub for various life activities, undergoes significant changes in intracellular ATP concentration during the occurrence and development of diseases or changes in external environmental conditions. These changes act as “molecular signals”, and accurate determination of ATP content provides important basis for disease diagnosis, food quality assessment, and environmental monitoring. Fluorescent probe technology is widely used in the fields of biomedical imaging and food analysis due to its significant advantages such as high sensitivity, strong selectivity, and non-invasiveness. In recent years, a series of fluorescence probes for ATP detection have been developed, which have deepened our understanding of cellular energy metabolism. Meanwhile, they have provided new ideas for the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. This article systematically reviews the research progress of ATP fluorescent probes in the past 10 years, covering different types such as small molecule fluorescent probes, nanoprobes, and oligonucleotide probes. It deeply analyzes their mechanism of recognizing ATP, and in combination with practical application cases, explores the application value of these probes in biomedical, food detection, and environmental monitoring fields. In addition, a summary was made of the current technical bottlenecks of ATP fluorescent probes, and the future development trends in this field were discussed, aiming to provide comprehensive references for related research and promote the further development and application of ATP fluorescent probe technology.
